Europace Advance Access published online on May 16, 2007
Europace, doi:10.1093/europace/eum097
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Prevalence and prognostic impact of comorbidities in heart failure patients with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator
Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hospital of the University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str.33, D-48129 Münster, Germany
Aims This study assessed the prevalence and the prognostic impact of comorbidities in heart failure patients with implantatable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD).
Methods and results We prospectively enrolled 146 patients with chronic heart failure, an ICD, and systolic dysfunction (mean ejection fraction 29 ± 10%). Cardiac death was chosen as the primary endpoint. Death or appropriate ICD therapy, i.e. antitachycardia pacing/shock due to sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, was chosen as the secondary endpoint. Seventy-five patients (52%) had chronic kidney disease (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), 39 patients (27%) were anaemic, and 34 patients (23%) had diabetes mellitus. During a follow-up of 663 ± 400 days, 22 patients (15%) died, and 41 patients (28%) received an appropriate ICD therapy. By multivariate Cox analysis, independent predictors of cardiac death were chronic kidney disease, age, and NYHA functional class. Death/appropriate ICD therapy were independently predicted by chronic kidney disease and QRS duration. In the presence of chronic kidney disease, outcome was significantly worse when compared with the absence (event-free survival rate 51 vs. 76%, P < 0.001).
Conclusion In heart failure patients with an ICD, comorbidities are frequent but only the presence of chronic kidney disease is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Key Words: Chronic heart failure, Implantable cardioverter–defibrillator, Comorbidities, Prognosis
* Correspondence author: Tel: +49 251 83 47684; fax: +49 251 83 45631. E-mail address: bruchc{at}uni-muenster.de
Manuscript submitted 26 February 2007. Accepted after revision 17 April 2007.
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