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Europace 2001 3(2):87-89; doi:10.1053/eupc.2001.0158
© 2001 by European Society of Cardiology
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EDITORIALS

Internal cardioversion. Is it needed? How best to perform it?

S. Lévy

University of Marseilles, School of Medicine Marseilles, France


Correspondence: Professor Samuel Lévy, MD, Division of Cardiology, Hôpital Nord, 13015 Marseille, France. E-mail: slevy{at}ap-hm.fr


References

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[2] Suttorp MJ, Kingma HJ, Jussurun ER, Lie-A-Huen L, Van Hemel NM, Lie KI. The value of class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs for acute conversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter to sinus rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 1722–1727.[Abstract]

[3] Boriani G, Biffi M, Capucci A, et al. Oral propafenone to convert recent-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with and without underlying heart disease. A randomised controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126: 621–624.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[4] Laupacis A, Alberts G, Dunn M, Feinberg W. Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Chest 1992; 102: 426–431.

[5] Lown B. Electrical reversion of cardiac arrhythmias. Br Heart J 1962; 29: 469–489.

[6] Lévy S, Lauribe P, Dolla E, et al. A randomized comparison of external and internal cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1992; 86: 1415–1420.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[7] Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Gilst WH, Verwer R, Lie KI. Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68: 41–46.[Web of Science][Medline]

[8] Ricard P, Lévy S, Trigano J, et al. Prospective assessment of the minimum energy needed for external electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 815–816.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

[9] Lévy S, Lacombe P, Cointe R, et al. High energy transcatheter cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 514–518.[Abstract]

[10] Cooper RAS, Alferness CA, Smith WN, Ideker RE. Internal cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in sheep. Circulation 1993; 87: 1673–1686.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[11] Lévy S, Ricard P, Pak Lau CP, et al. Multicenter low energy transvenous atrial defibrillation (XAD) trial. Results in different subjects of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 29: 750–750.[Abstract]

[12] Alt E, Schmitt C, Ammer R, et al. Initial experience with intracardiac atrial defibrillation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1994; 17: 1067–1078.[CrossRef][Medline]

[13] Murgatroyd F, Slade AKB, Sopher M, Rowland E, Ward DE, Camm J. Efficacy and tolerability of transvenous low energy cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 1347–1353.[Abstract]

[14] Saksena S, Prakash A, Mangeon L, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of atrial defibrillation using biphasic shocks and current nonthoracotomy endocardial lead configurations. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 913–921.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]

[15] Santini M, Pandozi C, Toscano S, et al. Low energy intracardiac cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998; 21: 2641–2650.[CrossRef][Medline]

[16] Alt E, Ammer R, Schmitt C, et al. A comparison of treatment of atrial fibrillation with low-energy intracardiac cardioversion and conventional external cardioversion. Eur Heart J 1997; 18: 1796–1804.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[17] Ayers GM, Alferness CA, Ilina M, et al. Ventricular proarrhythmic effects of ventricular cycle length and shock strength in a sheep model of transvenous atrial defibrillation. Circulation 1994; 89: 413–422.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[18] Schmitt C, Alt E, Plewan A, et al. Low energy intracardiac cardioversion after failed conventional external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 994–999.[Abstract]

[19] Taramasco V, Socas A, Ricard P, Lévy S. Internal low-energy cardioversion; A therapeutic option for restoring sinus rhythm in chronic atrial fibrillation after failure of external cardioversion. Europace 1999; 1: 179–182.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[20] Andraghetti A and Scalese M. Safety and efficacy of low-energy cardioversion of 500 patients using two different techniques. Europace 2001; 3: 4–9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

[21] Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, et al. Electrophysiological endpoint for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from pulmonary venous foci. Circulation 2000; 101: 1409–1417.[Abstract/Free Full Text]


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This Article
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