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Europace Advance Access originally published online on March 9, 2007
Europace 2007 9(4):203-207; doi:10.1093/europace/eum007
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2007. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ABLATION

Internal atrial shock delivery by standard diagnostic electrophysiology catheters in goats: effects on atrial electrogram amplitude and tissue architecture

M.C.E.F. Wijffels1,*, C.C.M.M. Timmermans2, R.J. van Suylen3 and L.M. Rodriguez4

1 Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; 2 Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 3 Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 4 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Aims In this study, we evaluated the effects of atrial shock delivered via diagnostic electrophysiology catheters.

Methods and results In 11 anaesthetized goats, decapolar catheters were positioned in the right atrial appendage (RAA) and coronary sinus (CS). Three different catheters and two cardioversion protocols were evaluated. In four goats, 50 J shocks were delivered using catheters with 1 mm electrodes (surface area 70 mm2). In 6 goats, catheters with 2 mm electrodes (area 140 mm2) were used. In three of the six goats, 50 J shocks were given while in the other 3, 10 J shocks were delivered. In 1 goat 50 J shocks were delivered via 5 mm electrode catheters (area 310 mm2). No persisting adverse effects occurred. However, the electrogram amplitude at the RAA and CS decreased by >50–98% (P > 0.01). The amount of amplitude decrease was most pronounced at the CS site and for 50 J shocks. Goats were sacrificed after 9 ± 1 days. Macroscopy revealed endocardial lesions at the electrode locations. Microscopy showed endocardial thrombosis, and necrosis with formation of granulation tissue. Changes were most marked with diagnostic catheters and 50 J shocks.

Conclusions Atrial shock delivery via diagnostic catheters causes local ablation lesions. The amount of amplitude decrease, macroscopic and microscopic damages were related to the energy applied and electrode surface area.

Key Words: Goat, Internal atrial shock delivery, Cardiac electrophysiology, Endocardial, Shock tissue damage

* Corresponding author. Tel: +31715262020; fax: +31715266809. E-mail address: m.c.e.f.wijffels{at}lumc.nl

Manuscript submitted 20 July 2006. Accepted after revision 9 December 2006.


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