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Europace Advance Access originally published online on September 14, 2006
Europace 2006 8(11):935-942; doi:10.1093/europace/eul106
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© The European Society of Cardiology 2006. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Does intensity of rate-control influence outcome in atrial fibrillation? An analysis of pooled data from the RACE and AFFIRM studies

Isabelle C. Van Gelder1,*, D. George Wyse2, Mary L. Chandler3, Howard A. Cooper4, Brian Olshansky5, Vincent E. Hagens1, Harry J.G.M. Crijns6, the RACE {dagger} and AFFIRM Investigators {ddagger}

1 Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; 2 Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 3 Axio Research Corporation, Seattle, Washington; 4 Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA; 5 University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA; 6 University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Aims The AFFIRM and RACE studies showed that rate control is an acceptable treatment strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined whether strict rate control offers benefit over more lenient rate control.

Methods and Results We compared the outcome of patients enrolled in the rate-control arms of AFFIRM and RACE, using data from patients who met a composite of overlapping inclusion and exclusion criteria. We evaluated 1091 patients, 874 from AFFIRM and 217 from RACE. In AFFIRM, the rate-control strategy aimed for a resting heart rate ≤80 bpm and heart rate during daily activity of ≤110 bpm. In RACE, a more lenient approach was taken: resting heart rate <100 bpm. Primary endpoint was a composite of mortality, cardiovascular hospitalization, and myocardial infarction. Mean heart rate across all follow-up visits for patients in AF was lower in AFFIRM (76.1 vs. 83.4 bpm). Event-free survival for the occurrence of the primary endpoint did not differ (64% in AFFIRM vs. 66% in RACE). Patients with mean heart rates during AF within the AFFIRM (≤80) or RACE (<100) criteria had a better outcome than patients with heart rates ≥100 (hazard ratios 0.69 and 0.58, respectively, for ≤80 and <100 compared with ≥100 bpm).

Conclusion Stringency of the approach to rate control, based on the comparison of the AFFIRM and RACE studies, was not associated with an important difference in clinical events.

Key Words: Atrial fibrillation, Rate control, AFFIRM, RACE

* Corresponding author. Tel: +31 50 3612355; fax: +31 50 3614391. E-mail address: i.c.van.gelder{at}thorax.umcg.nl


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