© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
REGULAR ARTICLES
Anomalies of cardiac venous drainage associated with abnormalities of cardiac conduction system
1Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K.; 2Department of Cardiology, Belfast City Hospital Northern Ireland, U.K.
The embryological development of the superior vena cava (SVC) is complex. If the left common cardinal vein fails to occlude it can, along with the left duct of Cuvier form a left SVC, which frequently drains into the coronary sinus. This may result in abnormalities in the anatomy of this structure. A persistent left SVC occurs in 0·5% of the normal population, and 3% to 4·3% of patients with congenital heart anomalies.
The pacemaking tissue of the heart is derived from two sites near the progenitors of the superior vena cava. The right-sided site forms the sinoatrial node, the left-sided site is normally carried down to an area near the coronary sinus.
Out of 300 patients with cardiac rhythm abnormalities, who have undergone electrophysiological studies (EPS), or permanent pacemaker insertion (PPI), we identified 12 patients with cardiac conduction abnormalities and anomalies of venous drainage. Anomalies of the coronary sinus may be associated with abnormalities of the conduction system of the heart. This may be due to the close proximity of the coronary sinus to the final position of the left-sided primitive pacemaking tissue. In our series of 300 patients, 4% had an associated left SVC, a similar incidence to that found in previous studies of congenital heart disease.
Key Words: Superior vena cava, coronary sinus, arrhythmias
Correspondence: David Morgan, Specialist Registrar, Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K. Tel.: +44(0)2990272254; Fax: +44(0)2890438346; E-mail: d.morgan{at}qub.ac.uk
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R E-C BENSON and T SONGRUG CT appearance of persistent left superior vena cava, anomalous right superior pulmonary venous return into the right-sided superior vena cava and a sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect Br. J. Radiol., November 1, 2009; 82(983): e235 - e239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Granier, A. Micheau, T. T. Cung, R. Demaria, and J. M. Davy Left ventricular lead: unusual implantation failure Europace, August 1, 2008; 10(8): 1026 - 1027. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Guerrot, M. Hanoy, and M. Godin Haemodialysis catheterization via type II persistent left superior vena cava NDT Plus, April 1, 2008; 1(2): 100 - 102. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T.-a. Matsuyama, S. Inoue, K. Tanno, M. Makino, G. Ogawa, T. Sakai, Y. Kobayashi, T. Katagiri, and H. Ota Ectopic nodal structures in a patient with atrial tachycardia originating from the mitral valve annulus Europace, November 1, 2006; 8(11): 977 - 979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L.-F. Hsu, P. Jais, D. Keane, J. M. Wharton, I. Deisenhofer, M. Hocini, D. C. Shah, P. Sanders, C. Scavee, R. Weerasooriya, et al. Atrial Fibrillation Originating From Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Circulation, February 24, 2004; 109(7): 828 - 832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|