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Europace Advance Access originally published online on April 10, 2009
Europace 2009 11(5):594-600; doi:10.1093/europace/eup087
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Pacing and CRT

Impacts of ventricular rate regularization pacing at right ventricular apical vs. septal sites on left ventricular function and exercise capacity in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation

Hung-Fat Tse1,2,*, Kwong-Kuen Wong3, Chung-Wah Siu1,2, Man-Oi Tang1, Vella Tsang1, Wai-Yin Ho3 and Chu-Pak Lau1

1 Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; 2 Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China

Aims: The deleterious effects of right ventricular apex (RVA) pacing may offset the potential benefit of ventricular rate (VR) regularization during atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent studies suggested that right ventricular septal (RVS) pacing may prevent the potential deleterious effects of RVA pacing and enhance the VR regularization (VRR) with ventricular pacing due to closer proximity of the pacing site to the retrograde atrioventricular conduction.

Methods and results: We randomized 24 patients with permanent AF and symptomatic bradycardia to undergo RVA (n = 12) or RVS (n = 12) pacing. A VRR algorithm was programmed for all patients at 6-month after implantation. All patients underwent 6 min hall walk (6MHW) to assess exercise capacity at 6, 12, and 24 months, and radionuclide ventriculography to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 6 and 24 months. Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups except pacing QRS duration was significantly shorter during RVS pacing than RVA pacing (132 ± 4 vs. 151 ± 6 ms, P = 0.012). In both groups, VRR significantly increased the percentage of ventricular pacing and reduced VR variability (P < 0.05) without increasing mean VR (P > 0.05). At 6 months, 6MHW and LVEF were comparable in patients with RVA and RVS pacing (P > 0.05). At 24 months, patients with RVA pacing had significant decreases in LVEF and 6MHW after VRR pacing (P < 0.05), whereas RVS pacing with VRR preserved LVEF and improved 6MHW (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: In patients with permanent AF, VRR pacing at RVS, but not at RVA, preserves LVEF and provides incremental benefit for exercise capacity.

Key Words: Atrial fibrillation, Pacing, Ventricular rate, Ventricular function, Exercise capacity

* Corresponding author. Tel: +852 2855 3598, Fax: +852 28186304, Email: hftse{at}hkucc.hku.hk

Manuscript submitted 31 December 2008. Accepted after revision 19 March 2009.


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