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Europace Advance Access originally published online on November 12, 2008
Europace 2009 11(1):106-114; doi:10.1093/europace/eun310
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Sleep Apnoea and Arrhythmias

Sleep apnoea as a predictor of mid- and long-term outcome in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy

Beata Sredniawa*, Radoslaw Lenarczyk, Oskar Kowalski, Patrycja Pruszkowska-Skrzep, Jacek Kowalczyk, Agata Musialik-Lydka, Sylwia Cebula and Zbigniew Kalarus

First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Szpitalna 2 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland

Aims: To assess the impact of baseline apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) on mid-term outcome and its change after 6 months of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on remote outcome.

Methods and results: In 71 patients with CRT devices, Holter-derived AHI was assessed before and 6 months after the procedure. Baseline AHI >20 was considered abnormal. After 6 months of CRT, a 50% decrease of baseline AHI was considered significant and stratified patients into AHI dippers and non-dippers, except those who preserved normal AHI. Prognostic value of baseline AHI and its change were assessed in relation to mortality and major cardiac events (MACE). More patients with an abnormal AHI died during 6 months follow-up (P = 0.02), especially due to sudden cardiac death. MACE-rate was insignificantly higher in abnormal AHI patients. Significantly higher mortality (P = 0.001), especially due to heart failure progression and higher MACE-rate (P < 0.001) during further observation were observed in AHI non-dippers. In multivariate analysis, the absence of AHI reduction was an independent predictor of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 6.56, P = 0.015)] and MACE (HR 6.05, P = 0.002).

Conclusions: Abnormal baseline AHI identifies patients prone to death during mid-term observation. Lack of AHI reduction after 6 months of CRT is an independent risk factor of death and MACE during further follow-up.

Key Words: Sleep apnoea, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Sudden cardiac death, Heart failure, Holter monitoring

* Corresponding author. Tel: +48 322713414; fax: +48 323733792. E-mail address: bms{at}pro.onet.pl

Manuscript submitted 4 July 2008. Accepted after revision 23 October 2008.


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